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Do We Need E-Journals?



WARNING:  RADICAL THOUGHTS EXPRESSED BELOW!!!

As others have pointed out, whether we like it or not, electronic 
publication is here.  We are at the beginning of what I expect will be a 
brief and necessarily revolutionary transition period.  There are many 
problems to be addressed as have been lucidly pointed out by others in 
this group.  One point not previously mentioned is how to handle 
independently published works.  This problem, if it is a problem, exists 
in the world of paper publishing as well, but there are few occurrences 
due to the prohibitive costs.  Such is not the case with electronic 
publication. 

I believe we will very shortly have to completely overhaul the means by 
which we communicate scientific imformation.  Individuals may now place 
very high quality publications on their web pages without ever going 
through the peer review process.  Peer review and editing have served to 
separate the wheat from the chaff and produce polished products for 
publication.  Both are necessary to produce marketable and sustainable 
products such as specialized journals.  But, marketability may be of no 
concern when it comes to individual electronic publication.  The peer 
review process is, in a very real sense, a form of censorship.  Ideally, 
it serves the scientific community by skimming off the cream and 
rejecting the dregs.  But even the dregs may have some merit.  A paper 
that is 90 percent garbage could conceivably still include 10 percent 
valid and innovative ideas.  Such a paper would probably never see the 
light of day through the traditional publication process, but could be 
widely accessible via electronic publication.  As has been pointed out, 
at least some journals strive to present only articles perceived to be on 
the cutting edge.  But there is often a very fine line separating the 
cutting edge from the lunatic fringe.  That which is beyond the fringe 
(not behind the fridge) today may be the cutting edge of tomorrow, and 
vice versa.

Presently, peer review means that a handful of colleagues, hopefully 
well-versed in the topic at hand, dedicate what time they can to 
carefully examine the manuscript, make suggestions for changes or 
recommend rejection.  Should an author's paper be rejected by the 
traditional publication channels, he or she could just place it onto his 
or her web page.  It then becomes, at least from a legal standpoint, a 
valid, copywrited publication.  Can the scientific community then turn a 
blind eye to such a publication.  Is the author to be shunned like an 
Amish sinner?  Maybe I'll find out after I post this!

Peer-reviewed publications have served as a gauge of sorts by which, in 
part, review committees decide whether or not to hire, grant tenure, and 
promote.  However, there are very many of us who are highly trained in 
our fields, but are under-, formerly, or never have been employed as 
paleontologists and who never will be.  We continue our research, usually 
funded out of pocket, because we love the science.  Review committees 
play no part in our lives, and they provide no incentive to pay the page 
charges, reprint costs, postage, etc. associated with paper publication.  

Will there be more incentive to publish through electronic journals?  
That remains to be seen.  But why should one bother to go that route when 
an equally high quality publication can easily be placed on a web page.  
What's more, web page publications can be frequently modified and updated 
as research progresses (I can almost hear the groans from the readers of 
this post).  But aren't most scientific papers really just progress 
reports?  The difference seems to be that, with electronic publication, 
progress need not be artificially terminated when, for example, the grant 
period ends, but can be continued indefinitely.  This kind of frequent 
updating will, of course, be a nightmare to deal with in terms of our 
present means of citation.  It is a problem that will need to be dealt 
with very soon. 

I think that rather than worrying about the intricacies and ramifications 
of setting up electronic journals, perhaps we should concentrate on 
setting up standardized distribution points.  As, for example, web pages 
dedicated to providing pointers to independantly published papers.  This 
should be very inexpensive and, I believe, can be largely automated so 
that no one person need devote a large amount of time to it.  Archiving 
of frequently updated as well as entirely new publications may be a much 
greater problem.

There is yet at least one more effect of rampant, independent publication 
that tugs at the cornerstone of paleontology and the other sciences as 
they are carried out today.  That is the effect on professional 
meetings.  If it becomes the norm to independently publish and frequently 
update research, as I think cannot be avoided, there will be little 
reason to attend meetings to hear papers that, by that time, may already 
be outdated.  The one-on-one discussions or even group discussions, 
currently an important aspect of such meetings, will provide little 
justification for attending a meeting as even these can be dealt with via 
e-mail.  Perhaps professional meetings will degenerate (flourish?) into 
not much more than field trips.

We cannot ignore independent electronic publications.  To do so would be 
to risk publication of identical or similar conclusions as our own and 
possibly face charges of copyright infringement.  We cannot ignore them 
and hope that they will go away; they will not.  We cannot ignore them 
and pretend they have no scientific validity; they do.  Rather, I think 
we should strive to develop means by which such publications can be 
accepted by the scientific community.  Independent electronic publication 
may be a royal headache when viewed from the perspective of todays 
standards and procedures, but if we can adapt, it will become a means of 
discourse that represents the evolution of thought in the scientific 
community better than it has ever been represented before.

Curt the Heretic (cklug@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu)