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The following is an excerpt from the latest issue of TidBITS (an electronic newsletter for Macintosh users), and is posted here with the author's permission. I think it might be of some interest... Ontological Breakdown, or, Pretending to be a Help System --------------------------------------------------------- by Brad De Long <delong@econ.berkeley.edu> I recently had an Internet experience that was profoundly disturbing, and made me want to consult a philosophical professional in the same way that a health problem makes me want to consult a medical professional. Let me start from the beginning. For the past year or so one of my main Internet activities has been to look for pictures of dinosaurs. My five-year-old sits on my right knee and my two-year- old on my left. We stare at Triceratops eye-to-eye, and count the teeth of Tyrannosaurus Rex. The five-year-old is pretty good at following links; the two-year-old is still at the "Twicer'ops. Piktur Twicer'ops" stage. One of our favorite places is the University of California Museum of Paleontology - the UCMP. On the Internet, the UCMP is a marvelous virtual, interactive museum. Adam Engst even wrote in one of his books that he could "spend the rest of the afternoon here, browsing the exhibits, and all without hurting my feet." http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/welcome.html Last June, I stopped being a Senior Treasury Department Official, and became a Berkeley economics professor. Since the UCMP is in the "berkeley.edu" domain, I asked around, and was told that the UCMP had just moved into the newly-renovated Valley Life Sciences Building. So one afternoon I paused in my attempts to deal with the pile of paper created by the Associate Vice Chancellor for Sending Junk Mail to Faculty and the Assistant Associate Vice Chancellor for Thinking Up Pointless Rules, and took the five-year-old and the two-year-old to the Valley Life Sciences Building. We first walked past a wall of news clippings and pictures of paleontological digs. We soon found ourselves in the central stairwell in front of a banner that said "University of California Museum of Paleontology." There was an impressive Tyrannosaurus skull behind glass. On the next floor up there was a similarly impressive Triceratops skull. The hip bones of a Tyrannosaurus (a different Tyrannosaurus) hung suspended in the stairwell. That was pretty much it. The UCMP had just moved and not all of the public exhibits had been unpacked yet. By mid-September an entire Tyrannosaurus Rex will fill up the three-story stairwell. But the public fossil collection was very small. The UCMP is a _research_ museum, not a display museum: it is for twenty-five- year-old graduate students fascinated by posters with titles like "Acid Rain an Agent of Extinction at the K-T Boundary - Not!" This research museum is not designed for five-year-olds, or for thirty- five-year-olds who don't know as much about geology and chemistry as they should. I stood in the stairwell. I looked at the few impressive fossils. I thought to myself, "Let's get back to my office computer, so that we can see the real University of California Museum of Paleontology Dinosaur exhibit at: http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/expo/dinoexpo.html "The real museum," I thought, "has audio narration by the discoverers of dinosaurs. The real museum has many more bones - a Diplodocus skeleton, for one thing. The real museum has detailed exhibits on dinosaur evolution and geology... "No - wait. "_This_ is the real museum. The Internet Web site is just the "virtual" image - an electronic reflection - of this place." And that was when I felt I needed a consulting philosopher bad. There have long been speculations about how the electronic shadows made possible by the computer and telecommunications revolutions will acquire the intensity of effect, the immediacy, the complexity and the depth to become - in a certain sense - real. That afternoon in the Valley Life Sciences Building was the first time in my life that I had compared a place in the real world - the UCMP - to its virtual electronic image in cyberspace and found the real world lacking, found that the real world experience didn't have, compared to its virtual electronic image, the intensity of effect, the immediacy, the complexity, and the depth necessary for reality. Thinking back, I realized that the electronic world behind the computer screen has been slowly acquiring reality - and the real world losing it - for some years. I check the card catalog for something or other every week; but it has been four years since I saw a wooden or metal drawer with 3 by 5 cards in it. If I say "it's on my desktop," I almost surely mean that a pointer to the computer file exists at the root level directory of my notebook computer. As far as desktops and card catalogs are concerned, the "virtual" images have so swamped the "real" objects as to make them vanish from my consciousness. My cousin Tom Kalil tells me that cyberspace has obtained "lift- off." Traffic on the now-defunct NSFNET Internet backbone went up from 3.6 billion bytes in March 1993 to 4.8 trillion bytes in March 1995. WebCrawler and Yahoo now index over four million electronic documents, and receive more than 9.4 million hits per week. Some are oblivious to this transformation. I think of a respected academic elder who claimed that all physical discoveries since 1930 (including our current computer and communications technologies) were less significant than the past generation's "discoveries" in literary criticism; he had the lack of perception (or perhaps he was simply irony-challenged) to make this claim in an electronic mail message! For two generations people have been talking about how computers will have an extraordinary impact on human society and human knowledge. Our children will think as differently from us as we think differently from pre-Gutenberg monks, who would spend years copying and writing a commentary on a single illuminated manuscript. Our children will find our doctrines and beliefs as quaint as we find Socrates' distrust of the written word as an suitable tool for education. The evening after returning from our expedition to the Valley Life Sciences Building I went upstairs to put the five-year-old to bed. He was talking - but not to himself. "If you want to read books," he said, "click on the bookcase. If you want to play with dinosaur toys, click over here." He was pretending to be a help system. "To play with Lion King toys, click on the bottom of the bed." I have pretended to be many things at play and at work - a space explorer, a wise king, a Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, a Berkeley professor. But I have never pretended to be a help system. "If you need help, click on my picture on top of the dresser. I'll be there in a flash..." Not only is the virtual world behind the computer screen acquiring an increasing aura of reality, but the real world on this side of the screen is acquiring aspects of virtuality as well. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Florin Neumann florin@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca
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