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Would large institutions pick up the cost of staffing a "Web-ready" in-house publishing office, capable of producing manuscripts according to a limited set of formats adopted by journals? What about the individual without an affiliation to such an institution? That person would have to master the publishing skills required for Web-ready copy. That would not be a more onerous task, however, than learning darkroom techniques in the absence of a photography department. Layout, in electronic media, might be simpler than paper form. Figures and photos would not have to physically sit side-by-side with text. Margins, columns, etc. would be more easily handled. Special service bureaus could download and print high-quality paper copies for libraries and individuals willing to pay the price (like they do now for out-of-print issues and volumes of many journals). To succeed, and not overwhelm editors, electronic publishing will require more of the author. Frankly, though, the next generation of scientific authors are being trained right now in those skills; yesterday, I witnessed fourth-graders learn from scratch how to build their own home pages. Scanning, image editing, word processing, page layout, and graphics production are standard fare now in US middle school and high school classrooms. These skills are not limited to US students; we have an exchange student from the Czech Republic who ran his own 3-D rendering business. Peru, not the most financially prosperous of countries, has full-fledged multimedia labs in many of its universities and the staff who knows how to use them. Technology will be a great leveler, I believe, and will not be an obstacle to third-world access to publishing outlets. If anything, greater access to international forums will be afforded by electronic journals than offered by the present system. Any perceived technological obstacles to electronic publishing are only in the eyes of those beholders who have to engage this computer age as adults, rather than as children.
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